Notes----+Oral+Presentations

Columns: vertical structutral that transmit troguth compression the weight of th estructure above other structural elemts below. Beam: carries load… carry vertical loads Cantilever: beam supported on only the end. Wall: defines and protects and area. Frame: rigis structure fortmed of slender pieces. Arch: curve masonry construction. Foundation: transfer loads into earth 1.- shallow foundations and deep foundatons. Vault: an arched structure supporting a structure Dome: (poiledro) Truss: structure comprising one or more units constructed with slender members Space frame: few support. Tensile structures: carrying only tension and no compression or bending. Buttress: Flying buttress: free-standing Gable: triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof.
 * STRUCTURES**

It appears in mesopotamy Parts: 1.-keystone. 2.-Voussoir. 3.-back. 4.-impost. 4.-intrados. 6.- rise. //and others...//
 * ARCH**

//History:// the ancient romans refined the use of archs and they tapped thier full potential... Roman archs are semicircular, simplest to built but not the strongest. The //parabolic// and //catenary// are the strongest forms. Use to day in modern constructions as bridges.

eliminates tensile stresses in spanning an open space. blind arch: infilled with dome: three dimensional aplication of the arch triumphal arch vault

have been widely used trought history.they are very strong and useful.

//concept//: solid structure, defines an area. wall= latin vallum //origin//: defende against the enemies=fortifications. //use://deliniates a building nd support its structure. also as a a decorative element. //Parts//: Beam Pilar Skirting board: inferior part Jamb Discharge arch //types:// Building wall: support the ceiling androof. works an art. Boundary walls: barries which limit people movements. delimit an area. Shared walls: Retaining walls: holds...used to protect an area
 * WALL**

Men used them in daily life for many purposes... We need walls


 * FRAMED STRUCTURES**

Buildings have an skeleton as a human body have, which give it support shape a framework for outher coverings. foundation and footing: main structure. from the lowest part to the house to solid soil. wall framing: 1.- load bearing walls: vertical and are conected with the foundation. 2.- nonbearing walls: they are not support by beams or the foundations.. you can remove this walls and the structure is not going to colaps floor framing: is supported to exterior walls. roof framing: protect the house from teh weather.

//Lintel//: support the weight of the roof. and support the weight above a window or a door. //Post and linte//l: simple construction technique that support the structure. can hold limited weight. //trabeated system//: horizontal beams or lintels, to reinforced or decorate. principal function: provide stability in houses and constructions.
 * POST AND LINTEL**